DEFINITION
Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action or both.
TYPES OF DIABETES
There are four types of diabetes.
1. Type 1 diabetes.
2. Type 2 diabetes.
3. Diabetes secondary to other diseases
4. Diabetes during pregnancy.
Type 1 diabetes
This is due to the lack of insulin. Insulin deficiency is due to the beta cell destruction by an autoimmune process. There are two types of type 1 diabetes according to the presence of immunological markers.Diabetes is a metabolic disease characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion or insulin action or both.
TYPES OF DIABETES
There are four types of diabetes.
1. Type 1 diabetes.
2. Type 2 diabetes.
3. Diabetes secondary to other diseases
4. Diabetes during pregnancy.
Type 1 diabetes
Type 1A diabetes is a condition resulting from autoimmune destruction of beta cells in which immunological markers can be detected whereas in Type 2B immunological markers cannot be detected.
Type 1 diabetes is common among younger people especially children. But it can affect any age group.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) is a variant of type 1 diabetes but it is difficult to distinguish from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes
This is the commonest form of diabetes and it carries a significant risk of morbidities and mortalities. 90-95% of patients with diabetes belong to this category. This condition is due to the resistance to insulin. But sometime it can be due to the lack of insulin or both. Majority of patients are middle or older age group.
Diabetes secondary to other diseases
1-2% of diabetes patients belong to this group. This condition can be cured if the underlying cause is identified. This can be due to liver disorders, pancreatic disorders, other endocrinopathies or drug induced.
Diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus).
This is a special category and it occurs during pregnancy and disappears after the delivery. But it is a real burden for the patient and doctors as it can be difficult to control. Obesity, family history of diabetes and past history of gestational diabetes are some risk factors.
Type 1 diabetes is common among younger people especially children. But it can affect any age group.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adults (LADA) is a variant of type 1 diabetes but it is difficult to distinguish from type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Type 2 diabetes
This is the commonest form of diabetes and it carries a significant risk of morbidities and mortalities. 90-95% of patients with diabetes belong to this category. This condition is due to the resistance to insulin. But sometime it can be due to the lack of insulin or both. Majority of patients are middle or older age group.
Diabetes secondary to other diseases
1-2% of diabetes patients belong to this group. This condition can be cured if the underlying cause is identified. This can be due to liver disorders, pancreatic disorders, other endocrinopathies or drug induced.
Diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes mellitus).
This is a special category and it occurs during pregnancy and disappears after the delivery. But it is a real burden for the patient and doctors as it can be difficult to control. Obesity, family history of diabetes and past history of gestational diabetes are some risk factors.
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